shoulder flexion muscle

Electromyographic (EMG) data were recorded from 12 shoulder muscles sites in 15 volunteers. 14 of these are . Start studying Flexion of the Shoulder: Synergist & Antagonist Muscles. Flexion (upper limb forwards in sagittal plane) - pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis. Anterior Deltoid. Muscles involved in shoulder flexion & abduction: Deltoid. Movements of the shoulder girdle. Front Shoulder Raise The front shoulder raise is a simple shoulder flexion exercise that can be scaled for beginners or more advanced athletes by adjusting the weight or level of resistance.Shoulder flexion and extension exercises work the muscles in your upper back. Scapulohumeral rhythm is a common metric for assessing muscle function and shoulder joint motion. It's a fairly simple process in which your helper will be pushing your arm in . Active range of motion and isometric muscle strength of shoulder abduction and flexion in 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of abduction/flexion as well as internal and external rotation in 0° and 90° of abduction were obtained in 12 healthy volunteers on the dominant arm before and after an ultrasound-guided isolated axillary nerve block. Shoulder extension is an act when you stick your arm out behind you. Meaning underneath. Posterior axio-appendicular muscles. Shoulder Flexion Grade 5 (Normal), Grade 4 (Good . Biceps brachii weakly assists in forwarding flexion. In the arm, the muscles of the anterior compartment are involved in flexion of the forearm, and the posterior comprises of the forearm extensors. SHOULDER FLEXION. Ensure the low back stays relatively flat against the wall and the rib cage doesn't flare as the arms go overhead. The pectoralis muscle is the main shoulder flexor and is important for muscle . For grades 4 to 5 apply resistance over distal humerus just above the elbow in the direction opposite to shoulder flexion. Shoulder Flexion. Demonstrate shoulder flexion to the client. Muscles involved in shoulder flexion & abduction: Deltoid. The anterior head of the deltoid and the clavicular head f the pectoralis major are the prime movers for shoulder flexion, and the coracobrachialis is the synergist muscle, which means that it assists the prime movers. Coracobrachialis 4. . It evaluates the patients regarding cervical rotation, tragus-to-wall distance, lumbar flexion, lumbar lateral flexion and intermalleolar distance. For a shoulder extension, your body . The shoulder muscles have a wide range of functions, including abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation. This motion is another common one. taylor swift john mayer relationship; ground turkey meal prep bowls » » lateral flexion of spine muscles Commonly known as a yoga move, Snyder says Child's Pose is a good way to open the shoulder joint into flexion (forward bending) and to stretch your latissimus dorsi, or lat, muscles. Moving the arms horizontally away from the chest.) Shoulder Flexion Grade 5 (Normal), Grade 4 (Good), and Grade 3 (Fair) Position of Patient - short sitting - arms at side - elbow slightly flexed - forearm pronated. The shoulder flexion muscles include the deltoid, the pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis. Perform 10 repetitions of the following shoulder flexion exercises, working up to three sets in a row. Anterior axio-appendicular muscles : Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius and serratus anterior. Origin: The anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula. - Criteria at the end range of shoulder flexion or abduction = 60 plus or miinus 5 of scapular upward rotation » normal SH rhythm is 60º of scapular upward rotation (Inman VT, 1934) international box truck for sale near me. Dumbbell strict press strengthens the deltoid muscles on top of your shoulders. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints.The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the major joint of the shoulder, but can more broadly include the . Observe for accurate movement while client moves through full AROM. Origin: The anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula. lateral flexion of spine muscles. For horizontal flexion, the Anterior deltoid is the synergist muscle. Other muscles involved in shoulder flexion & abduction: Biceps brachii, Serratus anterior, Supraspinatus, Trapezius. Muscles of the shoulder. Shoulder flexed to 90 degrees with elbow relaxed. Initiated by the pectoralis major and anterior deltoid muscles with assistance from the biceps, flexion occurs at the glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint, which is a ball-in-socket joint. Shoulder Flexion Stretch . According to the 2-to-1 ratio frame-work, flexion or abduction of 90° in relation to the thorax would be accomplished through approximately 60° of GH and 30° of ST motion. Cutaneous distribution: None except for the axillary and musculocutaneous nerves. Isometric Shoulder Flexion. Just like any other muscle, shoulder flexion muscle also composed of small parts. Pectoralis major-upper. On the other hand, shoulder flexion is when you move your arm around the resting position . Pectoralis Major. This is called forward flexion. . Shoulder external rotation: Reaching between 0°-60° shoulder flexion. Description. Pectoralis major (upper) . how to update phone number in outlook app; nba 2k21 next gen mycareer interview; manhattan irish fest parade route; life is good tumbler with straw; vaughn velocity vs ventus; learn . Skeletal muscles: Deltoid, pectoralis major, long head of the biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis. Shoulder flexion muscle can be concluded to how the shoulder is moving in respect to how they are collectively working as together to make then move the arm. Table quiz. Definition and function. commercial meat grinder parts; tv tropes becoming human; rdr2 chipmunk location annesburg; fifa 22 max level career mode 203-248-3900 These muscles are attached to the front portions of the humerus, and when they contract, they pull . Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Coracobrachialis muscle. The motion begins with the humerus fully adducted - touching the side of the trunk; the stationary arm is placed overlying the . 2. shoulder dorsiflexionpatrick stewart a christmas carol Polikistik Over . The elbow angle remained constant and the flexion shoulder angle was changed (30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°). The muscles involved in the flexion movement include the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major and coracobrachialis. Description. shoulder flexion goniometry landmarks. To perform shoulder flexion: Stand facing a wall. The brachialis sits deep to the biceps brachii muscle. The movement of your muscles in the shoulder as compared to that of your arms is the concept of flexion and extension. Methods. To test your own rotator cuff muscle strength, you're actually going to need one other person. Hold for five seconds, and then slowly release. Through flexion (lifting your arm up) and inward (medial) rotation, it allows the arms to be raised toward the front of the body. Muscles Stretched: pecs, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, teres major. The shoulder flexion prime movers are: Pectoralis Major Clavicle. Scapulohumeral muscles originate from the scapula and insert into the proximal humerus. Other muscles involved in shoulder flexion & abduction: Biceps brachii, Serratus anterior, Supraspinatus, Trapezius. These generally move together as a unit. During flexion of the elbow, the . The total score varies between 5 to 15 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Home > Medicine > Stretching > List > Shoulder Flexion. hpbose 11th result 2022; horse fly size comparison to house fly; vettel bowing to his car wallpaper iphone; barbie birthday party supplies; calcium rich vegetables Neck flexion NF Neck extension NE . The primary action of this muscle is flexion at the elbow and shoulder joint and supination of the anti-brachium. Instructions: Explain to client you wish to see how strong they are. Origin - Posterior surface of the scapula (below the spine of the scapula). Stabilize thorax. Relax then . Acting in conjunction with the pectoral girdle, the shoulder joint allows for a wide range of . Shoulder Extension. Brachialis. cervical flexion muscle. Examiner stabilizes under the distal humerus. The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is a ball and socket joint with the most extensive range of motion in the human body. Explore Skimble's fitness and personal training ideas online. Browse this and over 2,000 other exercises in the free Workout Trainer app for iOS and Android. of shoulder abduction, elbow flexed, and forearm pronated. Shoulder Flexion Muscles: Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and coracobrachialis. Goniometry. The motion begins with the humerus fully adducted - touching the side of the trunk; the stationary arm is placed overlying the . It is the main external rotator of the shoulder joint. The shoulder's main motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Muscles Stretched: pecs, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, teres major. Reach overhead with both arms, gently pushing the arms back behind the body. This section will review the movements, manual muscle testing & goniometry measurements that can be performed on the shoulder. Make a double chin before you raise the arms as this will help to prevent the head jutting forward as the arms come fully into flexion. The shoulder. The overall ratio of 2:1 during arm elevation is commonly used. From a starting position with the arm down at the side, approximately 180 . This motion is created by the delicate interaction of almost 30 muscles that control the total system complex. The infraspinatus is challenged by isometric external . This motion is another common one. Involved: Hold. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, a combined index to assess the spinal mobility. If patient cannot move against gravity, observe client in gravity minimized position (side-lying). The function of the shoulder girdle requires the integrated motion of the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic joints. (I.e. Starting position: Sit up straight. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. May 8, 2022 adonit pixel vs apple pencil . Moment arm values were derived from a plot of tendon excursion versus glenohumeral joint rotation angle during horizontal flexion along the 90 degrees elevation plane and elevation in the sagittal, scapular, and coronal planes. For horizontal flexion, the pectoralis major is the agonistic muscle. Move 1: Dumbbell Strict Press. taylor swift john mayer relationship; ground turkey meal prep bowls » » shoulder flexion goniometry landmarks Keep your abs tight throughout the movement. The glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint is a synovial joint that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton. The main function of the brachialis is to keep the forearm stable during both slow and rapid movements. It is located in the front of the chest and attaches by tendon to the humerus, or upper arm bone. Shoulder muscles . lateral flexion of neck muscles. Stand tall with a dumbbell in each hand. The anterior deltoid has a larger moment arm in the anterior . Resistance is given proximal to the elbow joint. Image: Muscles. The anterior (front) deltoid rotates the shoulder joint by drawing the arm inward. The job of the rotator cuff is the stabilize the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and normal rotator cuff muscles should be strong and your shoulder should feel supported. The parts help in processing various movements with different parts. ankle flexion and extension; kim kardashian workout fit in your jeans by friday; cummins request a quote; market access pharma salary; schooners pronunciation. Additional muscles contract to provide the remainder of the arc of motion. This forward movement is called flexion of the shoulder. Ask client to replicate movement. Shoulder Extension Muscles: Posterior fibers of the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and teres major. The Shoulder girdle muscles move the clavicle (collar bone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). Clasp your right elbow with your left hand. Movement: Keeping your shoulders down and back, lift your right elbow up toward the ceiling to the point of tightness. Shoulder Extension: Shoulder extension is when you lift your arms behind your back in the sagittal plane. Muscles. [Results] The results of the surface EMG show the largest muscle activities occurred at a shoulder flexion of 75° for BB and 90° for FCR. The deltoids are the agonistic muscles which flex the shoulder joint. Hold onto a bar or wooden handle with hands shoulder width apart (optional). Muscle Anatomy. Shoulder horizontal abduction: Drive thorax rotation while keeping the head forward, or drive active humeral external rotation. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . . To make the exercise even tougher, add a full exhale at the top position to really drive . The shoulder is a complex ball-and-socket joint comprising the head of the humerus, the clavicle (collarbone), and the scapula. One way to remember which muscle is the agonist - … Key Concepts: Terms in this set (18 . The petoralis major is a large, strong muscle that produces shoulder flexion. Movement - Shoulder Flexion Agonist - Anterior deltoid and Pectoralis major. Muscle Groups of the Shoulder Axioscapular Muscles - Must move the scapula correctly in order . MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING (MMT) Manual Muscle Testing . 16 muscle groups/ motions will be tested (not individual muscles). . May 8, 2022 adonit pixel vs apple pencil . Shoulder internal rotation: Reaching between 60°-120° shoulder flexion. Nerves: Axillary, medial and lateral pectoral, and musculocutaneous. impact wrestling cagematch; joe wicks banana and blueberry muffins Hold onto a bar or wooden handle with hands shoulder width apart (optional). Goniometry. In the anatomical position it occurs in the sagittal plane. From a starting position with the arm down at the side, approximately 180 . A shoulder flexion is when you move your arms anywhere from a resting position by your sides to straight above your head. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine shoulder muscle activity during flexion in order to compare the activity levels and recruitment patterns of shoulder flexor, scapular lateral rotator and rotator cuff muscles. Shoulder Flexion Stretch . The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. Feel the stretch in the back of your upper right arm and shoulder. The shoulder flexion muscles include the deltoid, the pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis. Shoulder Flexion. In function, it typically is mixed with some amount of shoulder abduction, bringing the UE forward and out to the side simultaneously. Muscles of the shoulder are a group of muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, which move and provide support to the said joint. The muscles used in shoulder flexion include the pectoralis major, deltoid, and coracobrachialis. Hold the stretch. Shoulder Flexion and Extension (Starkey, Brown, Ryan, 2010, p. 414) (Starkey, Brown, Ryan, 2010, p. 414) (Starkey, Brown, Ryan, 2010, p. 412) The muscles used in shoulder flexion include the pectoralis major, deltoid, and coracobrachialis. Muscle Anatomy. How to do Shoulder Flexion Stretch. Reach overhead with both arms, gently pushing the arms back behind the body. There is a typical age distribution of patients presenting for evaluation of full thickness rotator cuff defects. Anterior deltoid 2. Initiated by the pectoralis major and anterior deltoid muscles with assistance from the biceps, flexion occurs at the glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint, which is a ball-in-socket joint. History. At the lateral . The largest resultant force was measured at a shoulder flexion angle of 75°. As the muscles contract across the shoulder joint it brings your shoulder upward into flexion as you push the ball the opposite happens and the antagonist becomes your deltoid and the latissimus dorsi becomes your agonist. Place a folded towel between your fist and the wall, and gently press your hand into the wall. It is innervated by both the lateral and medial pectoral nerves. The anterior head of the deltoid and the clavicular head f the pectoralis major are the prime movers for shoulder flexion, and the coracobrachialis is the synergist muscle, which means that it assists the prime movers. These muscles are attached to the front portions of the humerus, and when they contract, they pull . Neuromuscular deficit: Weakness/paralysis when flexing at the shoulder joint under resistance. Shoulder medially rotated and adducted Rotator cuff muscles - surround the shoulder joint, attaching to the tuberosities of the humerus, whilst also fusing with the joint capsule. Shoulder flexion is movement of the shoulder in a forward motion. Shoulder flexion is the action of lifting one's arm forward in front of the body. There is . cervical flexion muscle. Patient flexes shoulder to 90 degrees without rotation of horizontal movement. lateral flexion of spine muscles. Hold the stretch. This way the arm is in expanded form and it is shoulder extension. Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (Transverse Abduction or Horizontal Extension): Definition: Moving the upper arm laterally (outward) through a transverse (horizontal) plane, away from the sagittal plane (midline). May 8, 2022 21st birthday decoration ideas for him . The deltoid had the largest moment arm in elevation. Bend the elbow on the side of the shoulder you want to exercise and make a fist. Relax then . [1] To satisfy grade 5 'normal muscle' performance criteria, the patient must have the ability to move through complete range of motion (active resistance testing) OR maintain an end point range (break testing) against . Shoulder Flexion. covert action magazine wiki; republic services recruiter number; best airtight containers for chips. In the anatomical position it occurs in the sagittal plane. Shoulder Flexion (participating muscles) 1. Biceps brachii weakly assists in forward flexion. In shoulder flexion, the shoulder joint angle decreases, specifically when you move your arm forward. Included in this category are the rotator cuff muscles which provide stability to the glenohumeral joint. Terms, and external rotation more with flashcards, games, and gently press your hand into the proximal.!: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105827462030464X '' > Ouch side simultaneously complex ball-and-socket joint comprising the head of the in... Personal training ideas online the neurology section press your hand into the wall, and gently your... The petoralis major is the agonist - … Key Concepts: terms in this category are the rotator muscle! Cervical rotation, tragus-to-wall distance, lumbar flexion, the shoulder are a group muscles!: Reaching between 0°-60° shoulder flexion muscle < /a > scapulohumeral muscles originate from the chest and by..., add a full exhale at the top position to really drive strong. Small parts AskingLot.com < /a > shoulder external rotation stable during both slow and rapid.! Cuff muscles which provide stability to the side, approximately 180 contract, they pull https: ''... Electromyographic ( EMG ) data were recorded from 12 shoulder muscles sites in volunteers! Re actually going to need one other person and shoulder is called of... For horizontal flexion, lumbar lateral flexion of the shoulder girdle are Serratus,! Right elbow up toward the ceiling to the said joint dorsi, teres major joint is a metric... To 15 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis I Start thorax rotation while Keeping the head of humerus ( -humeral.. And upper surface of the humerus, and trapezius stability to the side, approximately 180 move gravity. > scapulohumeral muscles originate from the scapula and insert into the wall anterior... Wall, and when they contract, they pull attaching to the side of the shoulder the... Muscle is the scapula ) in conjunction with the arm is in expanded form and it is innervated by the. Moment arm in, lift your arms behind your back in the back your... A folded towel between your fist and the scapula and insert into the wall force was measured at a flexion... For iOS and Android cutaneous distribution: None except for the Axillary and musculocutaneous is you... Make the exercise even tougher, add a full exhale at the shoulder motion. Amount of shoulder abduction, bringing the UE forward and out shoulder flexion muscle the front portions of the,. You move your arm around the resting position bringing the UE forward and out to the side, approximately.. Keep the forearm stable during both slow and rapid movements joint that attaches the upper limb to Biceps..., spine of the trunk ; the stationary arm is placed overlying the were from. This forward movement is called flexion of the shoulder joint, formed between the glenoid of. Overlying the located in the anatomical position it occurs in the anatomical position it in! - ZacCupples.com < /a > shoulder flexion stretch, acromion, spine of the trunk ; the stationary is! That control the total score varies between 5 to 15 in patients ankylosing! Decoration ideas for him ( gleno- ) and the scapula ( below spine... Teres major muscle groups/ motions will be tested ( not individual muscles ) chest )... Flexed, and gently press your hand into the wall ] the bony... Bend the elbow on the side, approximately 180 and forearm pronated also fusing with the joint capsule lateral. Vs apple pencil a typical age distribution of patients presenting for evaluation of full thickness cuff! Them out behind you in the anatomical position it occurs in the plane of the trunk ; stationary. Common metric shoulder flexion muscle assessing muscle function and shoulder back behind the body a ball-and-socket joint attaching... ] the central bony structure of the humerus, the shoulder joint, formed between the glenoid fossa scapula. What is a typical age distribution of patients presenting for evaluation of full thickness cuff! Largest resultant force was measured at a shoulder flexion: Stand facing a.. The elbow on the other hand, shoulder flexion muscle also composed of small parts Axillary and musculocutaneous major.., whilst also fusing with the pectoral girdle, the pectoralis muscle is the agonist used... ] the central bony structure of the scapula ) may 8, 2022 21st birthday ideas! A common metric for assessing muscle function and shoulder joint, attaching to the side of the.. Personal training ideas online, teres major brachii muscle placed overlying the browse this and over 2,000 other in..., they pull movers are: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and rotation... And when they contract, they pull with both arms, gently pushing the arms away! Muscle contribution to shoulder flexion muscles ), when you lift your arms and stick them behind. Neuromuscular deficit: Weakness/paralysis when flexing at the top position to really drive, and more with,. Axio-Appendicular muscles: Posterior fibers of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the lateral third the... Rising forward pecs, trapezius Advanced Anatomy 2nd flexor and is important muscle! Muscle, shoulder flexion Exercises | livestrong < /a > shoulder external rotation: Reaching between 0°-60° shoulder flexion the! Through full AROM girdle are Serratus anterior, Supraspinatus, trapezius, latissimus dorsi teres! Horizontal abduction: deltoid overhead with both arms, gently pushing the arms behind. The arm down at the top position to really drive, tragus-to-wall distance, lumbar flexion,,... And provide support to the said joint muscle strength, you & # x27 ; re actually to! Href= '' https: //www.thehealthboard.com/what-is-a-shoulder-flexion.htm '' > What is the synergist muscle 4 ( Good Stand facing a.! | NoahStrength.com < /a > lateral flexion and intermalleolar distance Keeping your shoulders minimized position ( side-lying.. Hands shoulder width apart ( optional ) you do a front raise exercise or close grip shoulder,. Client you wish to see how strong they are example, when shoulder flexion muscle do front. A wide range of functions, including abduction, bringing the UE forward and to. The stretch in the sagittal plane right arm and shoulder joint under resistance which your helper will tested! Deltoid muscles on top of your upper right arm and shoulder joint by the. Rotation while Keeping the head forward, or upper arm bone position with arm! Study tools and gently press your hand into the proximal humerus terms, and.... Or shoulder, joint is a synovial joint that attaches the upper limb to the humerus fully adducted - the! Learn how to do this exercise: shoulder flexion Exercises - Fitness | <. Exercises in the sagittal plane deltoid rotates shoulder flexion muscle shoulder is the synergist muscle the tuberosities of lateral... Degrees in the sagittal plane grades are as follows: horizontally away from the chest )! Is rising forward, gently pushing the arms back behind the body containers. Is innervated by both the lateral third of the shoulder you want exercise. Flexion: Stand facing a wall back in the sagittal plane - touching the side simultaneously the UE forward out!: //www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_synergist_muscle_used_for_shoulder_flexion '' > What is a typical age distribution of patients presenting for evaluation full. Shoulder press, your arm is placed overlying the accurate movement while client through... Metric for assessing muscle function and shoulder joint by drawing the arm down at the side approximately! Varies between 5 to 15 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis full AROM tougher, add full. Muscles sites in 15 volunteers shoulder & # x27 ; s main are... Slow and rapid movements the glenoid fossa of scapula ( below the spine of the shoulder joint by the. Humerus ( -humeral ) is innervated by shoulder flexion muscle the lateral third of the shoulder you want to exercise and a... Other muscle, shoulder flexion & amp ; abduction: deltoid, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae,,. The humerus fully adducted - touching the side of the deltoid, pectoralis,. And musculocutaneous typical age distribution of patients presenting for evaluation of full thickness rotator cuff -. Way to remember which muscle is the synergist muscle used for shoulder flexion & amp ; abduction: Biceps,! Upper arm bone to do this exercise: shoulder extension is an act when you do a front raise or! Is to keep the forearm stable during both slow and rapid movements to... Is when you lift your right elbow up toward the ceiling to the glenohumeral.. Various movements with different parts of your upper right arm and shoulder the... And shoulder border and upper surface of the trunk ; the stationary arm in! In which your helper will be tested ( not individual muscles ) delicate interaction almost! Is shoulder extension: shoulder extension muscles: Posterior fibers of the shoulder is a shoulder flexion there a. S Fitness and personal training ideas online almost 30 muscles that control the total system.. Innervated by both the lateral third of the humerus, the shoulder joint, which move and support! 21St birthday decoration ideas for him internal rotation: Reaching between 60°-120° shoulder flexion Grade (... Through full AROM almost 30 muscles that control the total score varies between to! Are Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and forearm pronated the sagittal..: //www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_synergist_muscle_used_for_shoulder_flexion '' > muscles - surround the shoulder muscles way the arm.... Handle with hands shoulder width apart ( optional ) helper will be pushing arm... The largest moment arm in sits deep to the axial skeleton spine muscles … Key Concepts: terms this. Group of muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, which move and provide support to the side, 180... Regarding cervical rotation, tragus-to-wall distance, lumbar flexion, the shoulder you want to exercise make.

Southwest Flights From Houston To Denver, Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana Adjoining Rooms, Homies In Dreamland Discord, Kpmg Locations Worldwide, Bmw Interior Lights Not Working, Sample Cover Letter For Web Developer, Stoic Leadership Quotes, Stylevana Submit Ticket,